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Excerpt:

March 2010

Sea Ice to the Equator

Geologists have found evidence that sea ice extended to the equator 716.5 million years ago, bringing new precision to a "snowball Earth" event long suspected to have taken place around that time.

Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and led by scientists at Harvard University, the team reports on its work in the journal Science.

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Excerpt:

March 2010

Sea Ice to the Equator

Geologists have found evidence that sea ice extended to the equator 716.5 million years ago, bringing new precision to a "snowball Earth" event long suspected to have taken place around that time.

Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and led by scientists at Harvard University, the team reports on its work in the journal Science.

LINK]]> http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-605.html Sun, 14 Mar 2010 01:41:35 -0600 http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-605.html
EXCERPT:

Foreword

In approximately 4.6 billion years of Earth history, there have been three major episodes of glaciation. The Varangian glaciation occurred during the Proterozoic part of the Precambrian period about 700 million years ago (m.y.a.). The next one happened in the late Paleozoic Era around 300 m.y.a. The most recent period of glaciation started approximately 1.6 m.y.a. and ended about 10,000 years ago.

Today, glaciers contain nearly 75% of the world’s fresh water supply in ice that covers about 10% of land area. In contrast, ice covered as much as 30% of total land area during the most recent ice age. The largest concentration of ice today is the Antarctic ice sheet, up to 4,200 meters thick in some areas, and in the Greenland ice sheet. The remainder of glaciers is located in montane regions and in ice caps in polar seas. If climate were to suddenly warm enough to melt all land ice, there would be a eustatic sea level rise of about 70 meters. Sea level has risen about 100 meters since the last glacial maximum 20,000 years ago. Potential causes of Ice Ages and glacial cycles are variations in lithospheric plate configurations, changes in atmospheric and seawater circulation patterns, changes in atmospheric composition, and Milankovitch orbital variations.

LINK ]]>
EXCERPT:

Foreword

In approximately 4.6 billion years of Earth history, there have been three major episodes of glaciation. The Varangian glaciation occurred during the Proterozoic part of the Precambrian period about 700 million years ago (m.y.a.). The next one happened in the late Paleozoic Era around 300 m.y.a. The most recent period of glaciation started approximately 1.6 m.y.a. and ended about 10,000 years ago.

Today, glaciers contain nearly 75% of the world’s fresh water supply in ice that covers about 10% of land area. In contrast, ice covered as much as 30% of total land area during the most recent ice age. The largest concentration of ice today is the Antarctic ice sheet, up to 4,200 meters thick in some areas, and in the Greenland ice sheet. The remainder of glaciers is located in montane regions and in ice caps in polar seas. If climate were to suddenly warm enough to melt all land ice, there would be a eustatic sea level rise of about 70 meters. Sea level has risen about 100 meters since the last glacial maximum 20,000 years ago. Potential causes of Ice Ages and glacial cycles are variations in lithospheric plate configurations, changes in atmospheric and seawater circulation patterns, changes in atmospheric composition, and Milankovitch orbital variations.

LINK ]]> http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-599.html Wed, 10 Mar 2010 23:54:41 -0600 http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-599.html
March 18, 2004

By Peter N. Spotts

EXCERPT:

The Little Ice Age and "the 8,200-year event" are not exactly household terms. Once only a handful of climate scientists puzzled over these episodes of abrupt climate change. Now, the topic is getting close scrutiny from the Pentagon, the halls of Congress, and even Hollywood - where a disaster movie set for release in May depicts a sudden deep freeze.

One reason for all the interest? While policymakers have worried long and hard about global warming, which might raise Earth's temperature 1.4 to 5.8 degrees C by century's end, a growing body of evidence suggests natural forces could just as easily plunge Earth's average temperatures downward. In the past, the planet's climate has changed 10 degrees in as little as 10 years.

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March 18, 2004

By Peter N. Spotts

EXCERPT:

The Little Ice Age and "the 8,200-year event" are not exactly household terms. Once only a handful of climate scientists puzzled over these episodes of abrupt climate change. Now, the topic is getting close scrutiny from the Pentagon, the halls of Congress, and even Hollywood - where a disaster movie set for release in May depicts a sudden deep freeze.

One reason for all the interest? While policymakers have worried long and hard about global warming, which might raise Earth's temperature 1.4 to 5.8 degrees C by century's end, a growing body of evidence suggests natural forces could just as easily plunge Earth's average temperatures downward. In the past, the planet's climate has changed 10 degrees in as little as 10 years.

LINK]]> http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-579.html Sat, 06 Mar 2010 01:44:52 -0600 http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-579.html
March 4, 2010
Steve Bradt
Harvard Staff Writer

EXCERPT:

Geologists have found evidence that sea ice extended to the equator 716.5 million years ago, bringing new precision to a “snowball Earth” event long suspected of occurring around that time.

Led by scientists at Harvard, the team reports on its work in the latest edition of the journal Science . The new findings — based on an analysis of ancient tropical rocks in remote northwestern Canada — bolster the theory that the planet has, at times in the past, been covered with ice at all latitudes.

LINK]]>
March 4, 2010
Steve Bradt
Harvard Staff Writer

EXCERPT:

Geologists have found evidence that sea ice extended to the equator 716.5 million years ago, bringing new precision to a “snowball Earth” event long suspected of occurring around that time.

Led by scientists at Harvard, the team reports on its work in the latest edition of the journal Science . The new findings — based on an analysis of ancient tropical rocks in remote northwestern Canada — bolster the theory that the planet has, at times in the past, been covered with ice at all latitudes.

LINK]]> http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-576.html Tue, 02 Mar 2010 23:54:00 -0600 http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-576.html
EXCERPT:

When most people hear the words Ice Age, they think of glaciers covering much of North America and Eurasia, animals like mammoths and saber-toothed cats, and Cro-Magnon people painting cave walls. These things come to mind because the words "Ice Age" often refer to the last time that glaciers extended over a large portion of the Earth's surface.

LINK WITH FLASH CHART]]>
EXCERPT:

When most people hear the words Ice Age, they think of glaciers covering much of North America and Eurasia, animals like mammoths and saber-toothed cats, and Cro-Magnon people painting cave walls. These things come to mind because the words "Ice Age" often refer to the last time that glaciers extended over a large portion of the Earth's surface.

LINK WITH FLASH CHART]]> http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-489.html Mon, 01 Feb 2010 21:47:33 -0600 http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-489.html
Excerpt:

Glaciers reached Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in the most recent ice age about 20,000 years ago. But much harsher ice ages hit the Earth in an ancient geological interval known as "the Cryogenian Period" between 750 and 600 million years ago. A team of geologists from China and the United States now report evidence of at least three ice ages during that ancient time.

"The Cryogenian Period is characterized by some of the worst glaciations in earth history. But the available age constraints are so few that geoscientists don't even know how many glaciations occurred in the Cryogenian. Now, we believe we have evidence that there were at least three Cryogenian glaciations, and there may have been more," says Shuhai Xiao of Virginia Tech's Department of Geosciences.

LINK]]>
Excerpt:

Glaciers reached Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in the most recent ice age about 20,000 years ago. But much harsher ice ages hit the Earth in an ancient geological interval known as "the Cryogenian Period" between 750 and 600 million years ago. A team of geologists from China and the United States now report evidence of at least three ice ages during that ancient time.

"The Cryogenian Period is characterized by some of the worst glaciations in earth history. But the available age constraints are so few that geoscientists don't even know how many glaciations occurred in the Cryogenian. Now, we believe we have evidence that there were at least three Cryogenian glaciations, and there may have been more," says Shuhai Xiao of Virginia Tech's Department of Geosciences.

LINK]]> http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-470.html Sat, 23 Jan 2010 18:18:43 -0600 http://www.globalwarmingskeptics.info/forums/thread-470.html
EXCERPT:

The Great Ice Age, a recent chapter in the Earth's history, was a period of recurring widespread glaciations. Mountain glaciers formed on all continents, the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland were more extensive and thicker than today, and vast glaciers, in places as much as several thousand feet thick, spread across North America and Eurasia.

LINK]]>
EXCERPT:

The Great Ice Age, a recent chapter in the Earth's history, was a period of recurring widespread glaciations. Mountain glaciers formed on all continents, the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland were more extensive and thicker than today, and vast glaciers, in places as much as several thousand feet thick, spread across North America and Eurasia.

LINK]]>